Fort Harrison Battlefield and Visitor Center
Introduction
Text-to-speech Audio
Images
This wartime image shows Fort Harrison in the distance. Source: Library of Congress

Union soliders in Fort Harrison, now Burnham, not long after the forts capture

"The Battle at Chapin's [sic] Farm, September 29, 1864."-Sketched by William Waud of Harper's Weekly. This was done during the assault on Fort Harrison, of which is shown here
!["The Battle at Chapin's [sic] Farm, September 29, 1864."-Sketched by William Waud of Harper's Weekly. This was done during the assault on Fort Harrison, of which is shown here](https://storage.googleapis.com/clio-images/medium_3335.50619.jpg)
Don Troiani's painting, "Three Medals of Honor," depicts Sgt. Maj. Thomas Hawkins and his commander, Lt. Nathan Edgerton saving their regiments flag, while 1st Sgt. Alexander Kelly on the right saves the national flag.

undated photo, possibly not long before his death in 1907, of First Sgt. Alexander Kelly.

undated photo of Sgt. Major Thomas Hawkins

Backstory and Context
Text-to-speech Audio
Butler's attack has been called, by some historians, such as John Horn, as one of his "best performances of the war." He went against tradition of attacking the Confederate left flank, which had been done repeatedly and failed. Here he feigned, or pretended, to go left and instead launched surprise attacks on the Confederate center and right. During heavy fighting along New Market Heights, Butler was able to capture Fort Harrison, which had been named after the Confederate engineer who designed it, Lieutenant William Harrison. This area was the only area captured by Union forces
Then on September 30, Robert E. Lee organized an effort to recapture the Fort Harrison, for he saw the capture of the fort as a serious threat to the rest of Richmond's defenses. His attack lacked coordination, which was a rare thing for Lee to do, and the well prepared Union defenders defeated the Confederate soldiers and caused many casualties. The fort stayed in Union hands throughout the remainder of the war. It was renamed after its capture to Fort Burnham, after Brigadier General Hiram Burmham of the Union XVIII (18th) Corps, who was killed in the assault to take the fort.
Of greater significance, 21 Union soldiers were awarded with the Medal of Honor for their actions during the Battle of New Market Heights. Two were awarded to African American soldiers of the 6th UCST for their heroism during the assault on Fort Harrison. The two, Sgt. Major Thomas Hawkins and First Sgt. Alexander Kelly, had rescued their regiments and national colors (flag) which had fallen during the fighting. After rescuing the flags, they rallied their men to continue the assault on the fort. In total, during the entire Battle of New Market Heights, 14 African American men received the Medal of Honor.
Although Lee did remove men from Petersburg to Richmond, Grant could not obtain his other objective of splitting Lee's army. After a few more battles after September 30th, both armies established trenches and the Confederate Army in these two cities would be under siege by Grant until early April of 1865. Just days afterwards, Lee surrendered at Appomattox.
In 1930, members of the Richmond Parks Corporation, built a log cabin on the land to serve as their headquarters. Today, this building is the Fort Harrison visitor center which is part of the Richmond National Battlefield Park.
Cite This Entry
Trowbridge, David J., Kimberlee Smith, and Mike Emett . "Fort Harrison Battlefield and Visitor Center." Clio: Your Guide to History. June 7, 2016. Accessed July 27, 2025. https://theclio.com/entry/3335