Clio Logo
Market Street Walking Tour, Wilmington North Carolina
Item 4 of 7

Constructed in 1876, the Temple of Israel is the oldest synagogue in North Carolina and the 10th oldest in the United States still under continuous operation. While the congregation uses the building for religious services, its main offices and religious school are located at 922 Market Street, Wilmington, NC. The congregation has followed the Reform tradition since its inception. The structure itself, which was designed in the Moorish-revival style by Philadelphia architect Samuel Sloan, features several interesting elements such as horseshoe arches and two towers capped by small, gold, domes. The congregation today is vibrant and diverse, consisting of about 200 families.


Temple of Israel was built in 1876 and is the oldest in the state.

A Moorish-revival synagogue sits on a street corner. A gold onion-dome tops each of the two, three-story towers.

View inside the temple.

Mahagony pews with red cushions surrond the Bimah, a raised platform, at the front of the synagogue. The Bimah is backed by the flag of Israel and a stained glass window.

Stained class windows surrounded by mahogany.

Three stained glass windows of blue, red, and yellow overlook the chamber of the synagogue.

View inside the temple.

Mahagony pews with red cushions surrond the Bimah, a raised platform, at the front of the synagogue. The Bimah is backed by the flag of Israel and a stained glass window.

Historic Drawing of the Temple of Israel

A historic watercolor and pencil drawing of the Temple of Israel on the street corner. A gold dome tops each tower, and the synagogue is surrounded by 3 trees.

Torah Study Class

Member of the Temple of Israel overlook the Torah.

Torah Study Class

Member of the Temple of Israel overlook the Torah.

In the late 1800s Germany, the industrial economy was crashing due to British competition, and only a certain number of Jewish people were allowed in a city. As a result, young Jewish men and women began looking for economic opportunity and moved to prosperous North Carolina, specifically to Wilmington where cotton was a huge export and commerce was the center of the local industry. In the re-construction era of North Carolina, Jews were classified as ‘white’ and could own businesses, live in wealthy areas, and could exercise their rights to freedom far easier than other minority groups in the state.

In Jewish communities, a cemetery is considered to be holier than a synagogue and seen as both a religious and social responsibility to the community to build and maintain. As a result of these values, the Wilmington Jewish community first bought the Hebrew Cemetery at Oakdale in 1855 and built the Temple of Israel a little more than 20 years later in 1876. The Temple of Israel was the first Jewish synagogue in the state and the 10th oldest in the United States that has been in continuous use since its establishment. 

A distinctive building in downtown Wilmington, it was built by 40 founding families, 39 of which were German. The synagogue first established itself as a reformed community and maintains the same identity today. A gold onion dome tops each of the Moorish-revival towers, with beautiful stained glass windows overlooking the main meeting room of the temple and mahogany wood surrounding each window and door frame in the building. The Temple of Israel was designed by Philadelphia architect Samuel Sloan, who also designed the First Baptist and First Presbyterian Churches of Wilmington and the Executive Mansion, home to the governor of North Carolina, in Raleigh. Most of the 200 members of the congregation lived within walking distance of the synagogue and were shopkeepers, merchants, and artisans. Services were conducted in German until the early 1900s when larger populations of Eastern European Jews began to move to Wilmington. The synagogue houses several pieces of history to this day, such as a 200-year-old crystal chandelier from Germany and one of three Pilcher-Tracker organs in existence. When it was first established, the synagogue did not have electricity, bathrooms, or running water and was heated with coal and lit by candles. Eventually, water, electricity, HVAC, and even elevators have been installed within the building to modernize it and make it more accessible to the Jewish community. 

In the early 1900s, with both German and Eastern European Jews using the Temple of Israel, the synagogue was housing both Reform and Orthodox services. By 1915, about 50 Eastern-European families established their own Orthodox synagogue, B’nai Israel, and the Temple of Israel once again offered only Reform services. During World War I and World War II, the Temple of Israel’s congregation greatly fluctuated. The temple provided services to Jewish men and families stationed at Camp Davis, 30 miles north of Wilmington. By the end of World War II, however, Wilmington had rapidly expanded as had the congregation of B’nai Israel, while the Temple of Israel only had 27 members. In 1936, the temple hired Rabbi Mordecai Thurman to lead its services. Rabbi Thurman was dedicated to establishing an inter-faith dialogue and community in Wilmington and organized the Wilmington Round Table of Christians and Jews and even helped moderate the weekly radio show the group hosted and broadcasted to the local area. Rabbi Thurman was also very well known to lead services for a local Black congregation of Wilmington at least once a year during his entire time at the Temple of Israel.

Shortly after World War II, the Wilmington economy began to decline and the Temple of Israel’s congregation began to shrink once again to only 32 members by 1970. By 1972, Wilmington had elected Benjamin David Schwartz as mayor. B.D. Schwartz was Jewish but a member of B’nai Israel, and launched campaigns such as the “Committee of the 100,” meant to attract new businesses and industry to Wilmington. Such campaigns were successful, and the Temple of Israel began to see its population grow. Within 2 years, the congregation members of the Temple of Israel had more than doubled, touting 72 full-time members and 32 children enrolled in their religious school. In 1990, Wilmington was connected to I-40 and the population rapidly expanded, as did the congregation of the Temple of Israel. By 2001, the congregation had tripled from its number in the early 1980s. 

Today, the synagogue is home to about 200 families. In addition to offering reform Shabbot services on Friday night, they host various women’s and men’s study groups, run a full-time religious school, and lead community relief efforts. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the synagogue closed in early 2020 and has yet to reopen as of April 2022. At 150 years old, the building is in need of repairs and has been close to the public and congregation alike until such repairs can be completed. Over $150,000 out of the $500,000 needed has been raised in an attempt to help restore the synagogue and work is estimated to be completed in late 2023. In an effort to respect the synagogue and its congregation, the rabbi, Rabbi Emily Losben-Otrov, asked me to use public pictures of the synagogue pre-restoration, since not even she has access to the building presently. If you are interested in donating to the renovations of the synagogue, there are three ways to do so:

  • By mailing contributions to Temple of Israel, 922 Market St. Wilmington NC 28401
  • Through the Temple’s website, temple-of-israel.org
  • Purchasing the book, “The History of the Temple of Israel” written by Beverly Tetterton for a donation of $100 or more.

According to the North Carolina Essential Standards for American History, the perspectives and histories of minority communities in North Carolina should be explored. Standards AH.B.1.1, AH.B.1.2,  and AH.B.1.6 encourage educators and students alike to explore the American minority identity through the lens of prosperity, oppression, opportunity, and discrimination while also acknowledging their contributions and achievements in the face of adversity. Standards AH.E.1.1, AH.E.1.3, AH.G.1.1, and AH.G.1.3 ask the curriculum to explore the perspectives of religious and ethnic minorities through the lens of capitalism, immigration, migration, and industry and how this can affect different groups of people. The Temple of Israel is the beginning of Jewish history in North Carolina and can be used as a diving board to further explore the topics of oppression and opportunity for the Jewish people, as it is home to a rich and diverse history. The Temple of Israel themselves also put on several events in Wilmington and the surrounding area to educate the community on Jewish history, religion, and culture and is a great resource to learn more.

ISJL - North Carolina Wilmington Encyclopedia. (2022). Goldring/Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life. https://www.isjl.org/north-carolina-wilmington-encyclopedia.html

North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. (2016, May 12). State’s First Jewish House of Worship, Temple of Israel. https://www.ncdcr.gov/blog/2016/05/12/states-first-jewish-house-of-worship-temple-of-israel

Passaretti, A. (2022, January 14). 150 years ago, Jewish community built downtown temple. Can it be restored to its former glory? Port City Daily. https://portcitydaily.com/community-and-events/2021/12/22/150-years-ago-jewish-community-built-downtown-temple-can-it-be-restored-to-its-former-glory/

Staton, J. Wilmington Star-News. (2022, January 21). Telling the story of the Temple of Israel, and that of Jewish people in Wilmington. Wilmington StarNews. https://eu.starnewsonline.com/story/entertainment/2022/01/21/wilmington-unearthed-podcast-story-temple-israel-jewish-community/9156220002/

Temple of Israel. (2019, September 24). SAH ARCHIPEDIA. https://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/NC-01-129-0033

Temple of Israel, 1890 - Cape Fear Museum - Cape Fear Museum - North Carolina. (2014, February 21). Cape Fear Museum. https://www.capefearmuseum.com/collections/temple-israel-1890/

Image Sources(Click to expand)

https://www.facebook.com/TempleOfIsraelWilmington/

https://www.facebook.com/TempleOfIsraelWilmington/

https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/entertainment/2022/01/21/wilmington-unearthed-podcast-story-temple-israel-jewish-community/9156220002/

https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/entertainment/2022/01/21/wilmington-unearthed-podcast-story-temple-israel-jewish-community/9156220002/

https://www.capefearmuseum.com/collections/temple-israel-1890/

https://www.facebook.com/TempleOfIsraelWilmington/

https://www.facebook.com/TempleOfIsraelWilmington/