Classroom

George F. Mills, photograph, July 21, 1906.


George F. Mills, cabinet photograph, ca. 1890.


New Africa House - formerly known as Mills House, photograph, undated (presumably spring 1970).

On the circa 2010 renovations from the W.E.B. Du Bois Department of Afro-American Studies

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News coverage of the Black student takeover in the 1970s

UMass Special Collections and University Archives

<p>Dedication plaque honoring George Franklin Mills (1839-1924) upon the erection of the residential hall named in his honor in 1948. Mills was a Professor of Latin and English from 1890-1914, Head of Humanities from 1907-1910, and Dean of Massachusetts Agricultural College from 1907-1914. The George F. Mills House, renamed New Africa House, is now a Black cultural center and houses the W.E.B. Du Bois Department of Afro-American Studies, the Augusta Savage Gallery, the Center for Women and Community, and the University's Center for Counseling and Psychological Health. Built in 1948 by architect Lewis Warren Ross, the building underwent renovations in 2010 as part of the Obama era American Recovery and Reinvestment Act monies. The name of the building was changed from Mills House to New Africa House following a Black student takeover of the dorm in the spring of 1970. After negotiations with university officials, an agreement was made that the dorm would be renamed "New Africa" and the newly formed African-American studies department would relocate its offices there. It is unknown when the plaque was removed from the building and rehoused in the University Archives.</p>

George F. Mills House (New Africa House) Memorial

The Class of 1967 Campus Memorial & Monuments Tour highlights the rich legacy of alumni giving and participation on the University of Massachusetts campus, from 1867 to today. See the buildings, structures, monuments, plaques, gardens, sculptures, trees, and benches that tell the story of a century and a half of generosity, courtesy of the Class of 1967.

Class of 1967 Campus Memorial & Monuments Tour

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<h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Also See:&nbsp;Memorial&nbsp;Hall</a></h1><div><p><strong>Constructed</strong>: 1920-1921</p><p><strong>Architects</strong>: James H. Ritchie, Boston, Mass.</p><p></p><p>The brick walls and sandstone trim of&nbsp;Memorial&nbsp;Hall&nbsp;evoke an Italian Renaissance building design, as do the flat roof, the heavily decorated and bracketed cornices and eaves, and hood moldings over the windows. A grouping of three recessed and balustraded windows is echoed on the roofline.</p><p>Memorial&nbsp;Hall&nbsp;was built to commemorate the service of alumni and faculty who died in World War I and to be the center of student social life. Veterans of the First World War and subsequent wars are commemorated by a series of plaques and&nbsp;memorials. At one time, the building housed a variety of student organizations and sported a recreation room, a billiard room, and basement bowling alley. Funded largely from alumni donations and originally owned by the Alumni Association,&nbsp;Memorial&nbsp;Hall&nbsp;was deeded to the University in 1998. It now houses the Alumni and Development offices and is used for campus meetings and presentations.</p></div><h3><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Memorial&nbsp;Hall&nbsp;and the Student Union</a></h3><div><p>Images in the University Archives depict plans for an expansion of&nbsp;Memorial&nbsp;Hall. Reference to these plans is also made in the 1950 Student Handbook. This expansion never came to pass as the University opted to construct a new&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=s:student_union">student union</a>&nbsp;instead.</p></div><h3><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Source</a></h3><div><ul><li><div>From&nbsp;<em>Three Architectural Tours: Selected Buildings on the Campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst</em>(Amherst, 2000)</div></li><li><div>For additional information, consult the University Archives (RG 36/101).</div></li></ul></div>

Memorial Hall was built in 1920-1921 to commemorate the service of alumni and faculty who died in World War I and to be the center of student social life. Veterans of the First World War and subsequent wars are commemorated via a series of memorials, benches and foliage on and around the building. At one time, the building housed a variety of student organizations and sported a recreation room, a billiard room, and basement bowling alley. Funded largely from alumni donations and originally owned by the Alumni Association, Memorial Hall was deeded to the University in 1998. It now houses the Alumni and Development offices and is used for campus meetings and presentations.

Memorial Hall Site

<div><h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Curtis,&nbsp;Helen&nbsp;Cole</a></h1><div><p><strong>Dean of Women</strong>, 1945-1973</p><p>b. Jan. 22, 1909, Parker, South Dakota</p><p>d. May 8, 2007, Amherst, Mass.</p><p></p><p>For 29 years,&nbsp;Helen&nbsp;Cole&nbsp;Curtis&nbsp;served as Dean of Women at UMass Amherst, guiding the development of coeducation from the influx of veterans at the end of World War II through the tumultuous changes of the sexual revolution of the 1960s.</p><p>Born in South Dakota in 1909 and educated at the University of Northern Iowa and the University of London,&nbsp;Curtis&nbsp;worked as a social worker and director at a series of YWCA camps in the Midwest. She returned to her education studying for a master's degree in student personnel administration at Columbia University, becoming assistant dean of students at Rutgers University, before accepting a position as the first Dean of Women at Massachusetts State College in 1945.&nbsp;</p><p>As the first Dean of Women,&nbsp;Curtis&nbsp;had an enormous influence over the growth of coeducation at UMass in the post-war years as one of the few women in any administrative post at the University. From the beginning of her tenure, she worked to increase the number of women on campus and to increase financial aid for them, and she was a vocal proponent for improving women's educational and career opportunities. She developed several programs to support women at UMass, including a counseling program situated in the women's dormitories and a training program for student house counselors and heads of residence, and she was a valued adviser to several student organizations and honor societies, including Alpha Lambda Delta and Mortar Board. At the university she served on the Faculty Senate and the councils for Student Life, Health Services, and Financial Aid. She was president of the Massachusetts Association of Women Deans and Counselors and state president of the American Association of University Women.</p><p>Before marriage, in her retirement,&nbsp;Helen&nbsp;Curtis&nbsp;lived on Strong Street with Ruth Totman and Jean Lewis and shared interests in travel, gardening, and bee-keeping. She was a volunteer for the Jones Library and Meals on Wheels and was a member of Traveler's Club, Amherst Golf Club, and the Unitarian Universalist Society. An “energetic advocate for women's education”, the University dedicated the&nbsp;Helen&nbsp;Curtis&nbsp;Cole&nbsp;Memorial Garden in her honor in 1988.</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Resources</a></h2><div><ul><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://clio.fivecolleges.edu/umass/30-3dean-of-women/">Helen&nbsp;Cole&nbsp;Curtis&nbsp;Digital Collection</a></div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://clio.fivecolleges.edu/umass/1-207oral-histories/#curtis">Helen&nbsp;Cole&nbsp;Curtis&nbsp;Oral History</a></div></li><li><div>Helen&nbsp;Curtis&nbsp;Cole&nbsp;Papers, University Archives (RG 30/3)</div></li></ul></div></div><div><div><div></div></div></div>

Helen Curtis Cole Garden, dedicated in 1999 to Helen Curtis Cole (1909-2007) as first Dean of Women (1945-1973). The inscription read: "Helen Curtis Cole Garden Site, Dean of Women 1945-1973. Energetic advocate of women's education." Cole lead coeducation on the campus during the tumultuous post World War II era and was a vocal advocate for women's education and career advancement. The garden is located between Goodell and the W.E.B. Du Bois Library.

Helen Curtis Cole Garden

The Massachusetts Agricultural College Pioneer Class of 1871 planted the first set of trees on the college campus on April 29, 1869, during their sophomore year. In 1912 a stone memorial was dedicated with much fanfare.   The 27 elms were the first of many subsequent class gifts given to the college in the form of trees. The monument was placed in front of South College and is no longer there. 

Gift of the Pioneer Class of 1871 Memorial

<h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Also See:&nbsp;Butterfield, Kenyon L.</a></h1><div><p><strong>President, Massachusetts Agricultural College</strong>: 1906-1924</p><p></p><div>Kenyon&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;served as president of the Massachusetts Agricultural College during an important growth period in the early part of the 20th century. A native of Michigan,&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;was trained as a rural sociologist at Michigan Agricultural College (BA, 1891) and the University of Michigan (AM, 1902), and gained experience as editor of the&nbsp;<em>Michigan Grange Visitor</em>, as superintendent of the Michigan Farmers' Institute, and as a field agent for the Michigan Agricultural College. After a brief and lackluster appointment as President of the Rhode Island School of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (1903-1906),&nbsp;Butterfieldarrived at the Amherst campus in 1906, ready to fulfill his vision of agricultural education in service to the nation.<br></div><p>Politically progressive and activist in spirit,&nbsp;Butterfieldquickly made major changes on campus, doubling the size of the staff, recruiting faculty from across the country to offer more specialized instruction, and expanding the college's public mission. Organizing the academic departments into five divisions, he took personal leadership of the division of rural&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=departments:s:sociology">social science</a>. During his first decade at MAC,&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;oversaw growth of the institutional budget from $150,000 to $700,000, largely by attracting research funding, and in an effort to harness the potential of higher education to the direct benefit of farming communities, he initiated a host of outreach programs, including summer schools for farmers, agricultural clubs for school children, and a federation for rural progress. As President, he was noted, too, for initiating a program for women's education, which eventually developed into the School of Home Economics.</p><p>Outside the college,&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;was deeply engaged in agricultural matters at the national level. In 1913, he was appointed by Woodrow Wilson to the Commission for the Study of Agricultural Credits and Cooperation in Europe, and in 1917, he chaired the Massachusetts Food Supply Commission. Taking a leave of absence during the First World War,&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;served with the Army Educational Commission of the Young Men's Christian Association and as Educational Director for the American Expeditionary Force in France, where he helped organize the World Agricultural Council. After returning to the College, he founded the American Country Life Association, remaining its president until his death.&nbsp;</p><p>After leaving Amherst in 1924,&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;returned to Michigan State College to serve as president. Upon retiring from college administration four years later, he devoted himself to missionary work abroad, traveling the Middle East, India, Burma, China, Japan, and other Asian countries during the late 1920s and early 1930s. He died at home in New Jersey on November 26, 1935, leaving his wife, Harriet (Millard) and two sons.</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Other resources</a></h2><div><ul><li><div>View the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/ead/murg3_1_b88.htm">finding aid</a>&nbsp;for the&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;Papers</div></li><li><div>View the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://clio.fivecolleges.edu/umass/3-1president/">online collection</a>&nbsp;of materials relating to&nbsp;Butterfield's involvement in women's education at MAC.</div></li></ul></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Commemoration</a></h2><div><p><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=b:butterfield_house">Butterfield&nbsp;House</a>, a dormitory built in 1940, was named in honor of President&nbsp;Butterfield.&nbsp;</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">References:</a></h2><div><ul><li><div>Cary, H. (1962).&nbsp;<em>The University of Massachusetts: A History of 100 Years</em>. Amherst: University of Massachusetts.</div></li></ul></div>

Plaque in memory of Kenyon Leech Butterfield and William Daniel Hurd "who in this building (1909-1918) laid the foundation for extension service in American rural life." The origins of the plaque is uncertain, but may be referring to South College, as their offices were so located. Kenyon L. Butterfield (1889-1945) served as President of Massachusetts Agricultural College from 1906-1924. Butterfield was also a writer, lecturer, editor, and organizer of the “Rural Life Movement”. William D. Hurd (1875-1924) graduated from Michigan Agricultural College in 1899 and later received the degree of Master of Agriculture from the same institution. After various other appointments in 1909 he became Director of Short Courses at the Massachusetts Agricultural College and from 1910-1919 was Director of Extension Service and Supervisor of Short Courses. Butterfield and Hurd worked together to promote the Cooperative Extension Service. The plaque was to created to honor their lives and work on the 25th anniversary of the Smith Lever Act of 1914, in 1939.


Butterfield & Hurd Memorial

Arthur G. Pollard (1843-1930) was an active Massachusetts businessman, as well as a trustee of Massachusetts Agricultural College from 1905 to 1915 and 1916 to1928. The origins and original location of the Pollard dedication plaque are unknown.

Arthur G. Pollard Memorial

<h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><b>Also See:&nbsp;Rowing at M.A.C.</b></a></h1><p>In 1870, the year before the first class graduated from the college, Massachusetts Agricultural College students formed a boating association, acquiring a Spanish cedar shell from a Springfield rowing club in which to practice. In their first and only race that year, they took on the newly established crew at Amherst College, winning a three mile race in the Connecticut River near Hatfield.</p><p>The following year, the MAC club joined the newly organized Rowing Association of American Colleges, along with Amherst, Bowdoin, Brown, and Harvard. Training on weights indoors until the weather improved and then running the three miles to the river to practice on the water, the team purchased a better shell from Amherst College and hired Josh Ward, one of five brothers from a renowned rowing family, as coach. Manned by Gideon H. Allen, George Leonard (bow and captain), and Arthur D. Norcross from the Pioneer Class of 1871; Frederick M. Somers (Class of 1872), and Henry B. Simpson (Class of 1873), the team entered the First Collegiate&nbsp;Regatta&nbsp;at Ingleside, near Springfield, on July 21, 1871, pulling off a shocking win against heavily favored Harvard, which lagged by fourteen lengths, and Brown, which followed by twenty. The MAC crew logged the fastest time on record for a six-oared crew, 16 min., 46.5 secs. for three miles.</p><p>Having witnessed the shocking upset, a jubilant President&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=c:clark_william_smith">William Smith Clark</a>&nbsp;splashed into the river to congratulate the crew personally and then rode back to campus at full speed to spread the news. The victory was viewed as enormously important for the new college, a vindication of sorts, and an affirmation that on an even field, the humble Aggies could stand up against and defeat their supposed social and intellectual superiors. A pamphlet that appeared shortly after the event captured both the pride in the Mass Aggie team and the class sensibilities involved:</p><p></p><blockquote><p>We used to hear a theory elaborated a few years ago, when Harvard was beating Yale in race after race, that the victory in rowing was due quite as much to brain as to muscle. We were told that there was a great deal in blood, a great deal in breeding, and insinuation was that while Yale could show very good limbs, and sinews and backs that one might approve, she somewhere lacked a culture (nobody thought then that it was agriculture she lacked,) for want of which she must be inevitably be beaten. You see, blood will tell, said the sagacious theorists, and the college that has the most culture, that puts the most brain power into the stroke, is bound to win. But Harvard went on winning, and there was no way to disprove the theory...</p><p>But what shall we say now? Here come the Farmers, about whose culture we have heard nothing, whose blood is very likely red, who may not part their hair at all, who may never even have seen the Charles nor the Back Bay, and row right away from a boat full of Harvard brains. It is an audacious and revolutionary piece of business, and makes necessary a reconstruction of a good many theories... (First&nbsp;Regatta, p.24]</p></blockquote><p></p><p>MAC students entered the next two&nbsp;Regattas in 1872 and 1873, losing to Amherst and Yale respectively, and the Boating Association continued until 1875, with college and class crews selected annually. One of the early shells used by the Association, probably the boat they purchased in 1870 and used until 1874, was rescued after being abandoned and placed as a trophy in the cases in the natural history room in&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=s:south_college">South College</a>&nbsp;until 1885, when that building burned, after which it was hung in the rafters of the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=d:drill_hall">Drill Hall</a>, before finally being removed to the College's Trophy room in 1907. A fragment of the boat used in 1871 is housed in the University Archives.</p>

Plaque honoring the July 21,1871 Massachusetts Agricultural College (M.A.C.) rowing team's winning crew in their upset victory against rivals Amherst, Bowdoin, Brown, and Harvard. "Here come the farmers" was among the winning refrains uttered by newspapers and the M.A.C. college president alike. In 1907 a Trophy Room was established in North College (no longer extant) where the relic of the shell was displayed, mostly likely with the "Winning Crew" plaque and "College Regatta" banner. By 1956 campus maps show North College slated for demolition and the plaque and other regalia would have been removed from the site prior to that date.  

1871 M.A.C. Winning Crew Memorial

<p>Following the early 20th-century construction of Stockbridge Hall, the northeastern quadrant of the campus was devoted to the departments of engineering and the physical sciences. The laboratory complex, including Gunness Laboratory(1949), Marston Hall (1950), Paige Laboratory (1950), the Animal Isolation Laboratory (1953), and Thayer Animal Disease Laboratory (1957) were developed between 1949 and 1957 in the former agricultural fields to the north of Draper Hall. The structure was originally sited adjacent to zone of military housing and a cottage, no longer extant. </p><p>Thayer Animal Disease Laboratory represents two building projects, conducted in three phases. The Animal Isolation Laboratory, constructed c. 1953 represents the eastern building block, while the Animal Disease Laboratory (west block) completed the complex c. 1957. The laboratory building was constructed to allow the investigation of large animals with infectious diseases. </p><p>Historic photography shows the laboratory with a concrete walk bordering the foundation (no longer extant) and set in a mown lawn with young evergreen and deciduous trees (extant, not mature). A parking area was located to the south of the building, but has since been moved closer to the southern façade, resulting in the removal of a deciduous tree at the southwestern corner of the building.pleted in three phases. The bay width of both wings is defined by a double-loaded corridor. The flat building roof extends to provide deep eaves with plaster soffits and metal fascia. A penthouse exists at the eastern block. </p><p>The building exterior is finished with machine-made brick laid in a common-bond pattern from the foundation slab to the roof eave. The building does not possess a central entrance, but the two intersecting corridors are accessed via potentially original fenestrated wood doors. Fenestrated French doors also provide access to the penthouse. The laboratories have direct access to the exterior via individual hollow-metal doors. The façade was originally defined by double units of 1/1 double-hung sash and operable clerestory windows, however these openings have all been in-filled with brick. The original low roof vents for the laboratories have since been extended as stacks.</p><p>Funds for construction were donated in memory of Eleanor A. Thayer.</p>

<p>In 1956 the Thayer Building was created as an isolation lab for the study of diseases of large animals. On June 1, 1957 the building was dedicated to Eleanor A. Thayer as a gift of Red Acre Farm, Inc. of Stow, MA. The building came to be as part of the efforts of Red Acre Farm founder, Miss Harriet G. Bird, who "started her Red Acre Farm with one Black horse, $8, and vision." One of these visions was a place to formally study animal health. According to Red Acre Farm's history: "In 1955, another of Miss Bird's dreams touched reality. At its May 10 meeting, the Board of Directors voted to give the University of Massachusetts $50,000 for the construction of a veterinary hospital for research work connected with ailments of large animals. According to the minutes of that meeting, 'Two years ago Miss Bird reported to the Annual Meeting regarding her interest and effort to have legislation enacted favoring a college in Massachusetts for the education and training of veterinary students. It was later learned that it was advisable to suspend any effort in connection with such a project at that time. The matter of training students and research work with respect to disease in animals, has however, still held a place in our Treasurer's plans, and has found an outlet in the proposed building to be erected on the grounds of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, to be used for the investigation of disease of large animals. The building will be known as the 'Thayer Building'./The building was named in memory of Miss Eleanor Thayer, daughter of longtime Red Acre Farm, Inc. officer Ethel Thayer. The project was funded through the sale of shares of stock." In 2014 Thayer Laboratory was razed and assumingly the dedication memorial plaque was acquired by UMass Special Collections at the time.</p>

Thayer Laboratory Memorial

<h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Also see:&nbsp;Chenoweth, Walter W.</a></h1><div><p><strong>Horticultural Manufactures</strong>&nbsp;(Food Science), 1912-1941</p><p>b. 1872, Wisconsin</p><p>d. 1945, Amherst, Mass.</p>Walter W. Chenoweth, the founder of the Horticultural Manufactures Department in 1918, predecessor to the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=departments:f:food_science">Food Science Department</a>, was a key figure in the development of research and education in modern food science. Hired as a pomologist at Mass. Agricultural College in 1912, Chenoweth had no background in food science, but encouraged by Frank A. Waugh and supported by Frederick Sears, he developed a course of study from scratch, learning and standardizing many of techniques himself while teaching. His curriculum and the processes he and his students developed for preserving food contributed to easing the food shortages brought on by World War I.<p>Under the aegis of the new department, Chenoweth initiated a program in community food preservation, instructing students and members of the public in canning and other techniques. In 1929-1930, he loaned his services to the Grenfell Mission in Newfoundland, setting up canneries and teaching the methods of food preservation to would-be colonizers in Newfoundland and Labrador. Faced with a dearth of solid literature in the field, he published a textbook,&nbsp;<em>Food Preservation</em>&nbsp;(1930), which was a standard text for many years. The University named the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=buildings:c:chenoweth_laboratory">Food Science building</a>&nbsp;in Chenoweth’s honor after it was built in 1965. Chenoweth retired in 1941 and died four years later at the age of 75.<br></p><p></p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Resources</a></h2><div><ul><li><div>See&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/umarmot/?p=867">Walter W. Chenoweth Papers</a>, University Archives (FS 046)</div><br></li></ul></div><h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Also See:&nbsp;Chenoweth Laboratory</a></h1><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Design and construction</a><br></h2><div><p>Chenoweth Laboratory is a two-story brick building with Georgian Revival elements of a minimal nature, such as the splayed brick lintels with interspersed keystones above door and windows. The building is 11 bays wide and six bays deep, with a concrete foundation, concrete trim and a flat roof.&nbsp;</p><p>The building’s ornamentation is limited to the concrete cornice at the bottom of the roof parapet wall, the brick lintels and the keystones mentioned above. The building had considerably more ornamentation on its main elevation when it was built in 1930. Historic photographs of Chenoweth Laboratory on file at Special Collections and Archives, W.E.B Du Bois Library, University of Massachusetts Amherst show that the building’s main entry was originally on its north elevation, which was destroyed when the Chenoweth Laboratory Addition (UMass Building #344) was constructed in 1966. The north elevation’s main entry originally featured a prominent Art Deco doorframe, which had an oval window framed with a neoclassical wreath made of stone, or concrete, above the doorway.&nbsp;</p><p>The building’s current main entry is centered in its east elevation. It appears that the building originally had five 8/8 sash windows to either side of the door and the second story originally had 11 such 8/8 windows. One of the first story windows has been fully bricked in, and two of the second story windows have been mostly bricked in, with louvered ventilation panels inserted into the top of the former window openings. No splayed brick lintels or keystones remain where the windows were bricked in. The four windows that remain at the south side of the door have bars on the outside. The central entry has a double-leaf door with 3/4 fixed panes in the upper half of each leaf and two panels in the lower half. The doors are flanked by 2/6 sidelights and topped by a multi-pane transom.&nbsp;</p><p>Chenoweth Laboratory’s south elevation now contains two 8/8 windows on its first story and six evenly spaced 8/8 windows on its second story. Based on the different color of the brick, the building’s south elevation originally had five evenly spaced windows on its first story. As with the east elevation, no splayed brick lintels or keystones remain where the windows were bricked in here.&nbsp;</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Landscape</a></h2><div><p>Chenoweth is bordered by&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=f:flint_laboratory">Flint Laboratory</a>&nbsp;to the east,&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=s:stockbridge_hall">Stockbridge Hall</a>&nbsp;to the northeast,&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=h:hatch_laboratory">Hatch Laboratory</a>&nbsp;to the North, and the Agricultural Engineering Complex to the west.&nbsp;</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Naming of the building</a></h2><div>Chenoweth Laboratory is named for&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=c:chenoweth_walter_w">Walter W. Chenoweth</a>, founder of the Horticultural Manufactures Department at Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1914, which later became the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=f:food_science">Food Science Department</a>.</div>

Plaque presumably adhered to Chenoweth Laboratory honoring Walter Winfred Chenoweth (1871-1945), professor of Pomology and Horticulture 1912-1941, and founder and first Dept. Head of the Food Science and Technology Dept. 1918-1941. The Laboratory was built 1920 and an addition was added in 1966. The origins and history of the plaque are unknown. 

Chenoweth Laboratory Memorial

<h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Also see:&nbsp;Fraternity publications</a></h1><div></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">DGK Cycle</a></h2><div><p>A publication of the Aleph Chapter of DGK fraternity at Massachusetts Agricultural College.</p><ul><li><div>1879-1889.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/cycle111dgkf">The Cycle</a>, vol. 1-11</div></li><li><div>1890-1907.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/cycle1229dgkf">The Cycle</a>, vol. 12-29</div></li></ul></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Phi&nbsp;Kappa&nbsp;Sigma</a></h2><div></div><h4><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Signet</a></h4><div><p>Some volumes include Membership directory as one issue; Vol. 16 (1924/1925) complete in 5 issues; Nov. 1952 called n.s. v.64:no.4, but constitutes n.s.v.44:no.4; v. for 1968-1969 called v.78-v.79 but constitute n.s.v.61-n.s.v.62</p><ul><li><div>1909-1911.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet12phis">Signet</a>, vol. 1-2</div></li><li><div>1911-1912.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet34phis">Signet</a>, vol. 3-4</div></li><li><div>1913-1915.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet56phis">Signet</a>, vol. 5-6</div></li><li><div>1915-1917.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet78phis">Signet</a>, vol. 7-8</div></li><li><div>1917-1919.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet910phis">Signet</a>, vol. 9-10</div></li><li><div>1919-1921.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet1112phis">Signet</a>, vol. 11-12</div></li><li><div>1921-1923.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet1315phis">Signet</a>, vol. 13-15:2</div></li><li><div>1924-1925.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet1517phis">Signet</a>, vol. 15:3-17:2</div></li><li><div>1926-1927.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet1719phis">Signet</a>, vol. 17:3-19:2</div></li><li><div>1928-1929.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet1921phis">Signet</a>, vol. 19:3-21:2</div></li></ul><ul><li><div>1941-1942.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet3334phis">Signet</a>, vol. 33-34</div></li><li><div>1943-1944.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet3536phis">Signet</a>, vol. 35-36</div></li><li><div>1945-1946.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet3738phis">Signet</a>, vol. 37-38</div></li><li><div>1947-1948.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet3940phis">Signet</a>, vol. 39-40</div></li><li><div>1949-1950.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet4142phis">Signet</a>, vol. 41-42</div></li><li><div>1951-1952.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet4344phis">Signet</a>, vol. 43-44</div></li></ul><ul><li><div>1968-1969.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet6162phis">Signet</a>, vol. 61-62</div></li></ul><ul><li><div>1972-1973.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/signet6465phis">Signet</a>, vol. 64-65</div></li></ul></div><h4><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Phi&nbsp;Sigma&nbsp;Kappa</a></h4><div><ul><li><div>Rand, Frank Prentice,&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.archive.org/details/phisigmakappahis00rand">Phi&nbsp;Sigma&nbsp;Kappa: A History, 1873-1923</a>&nbsp;(Northampton, Mass.: Council of&nbsp;Phi&nbsp;Sigma&nbsp;Kappa, 1923)</div></li></ul></div>

Phi Sigma Kappa Memorial honors the third secret society on the Massachusetts Agricultural College campus. On March 15th, 1873 Phi Sigma Kappa was founded by Jabez William Clay, Joseph Francis Barrett, Henry Hague, Xenos Young Clark, Frederick George Campbell, and William Penn Brooks in North College. After some hesitation the fraternity was expanded to a nationwide organization, and chapters at Cornell University, University of Maryland, George Washington University, and University of Pennsylvania were created and still remain active to this day. The original Phi Sigma Kappa Memorial was dedicated in 1923 for the Society's 50th anniversary, and included a granite fragment of "Big Chief" Barrett's birthplace in Barre, Massachusetts. While North College was demolished circa 1960 the Phi Sigma Kappa Memorial was later adhered to the exterior of Machmer Hall. Given the August 8, 1973 dedication marker honoring the founding members that sits beside the original memorial, it is assumed that both markers were installed onto Machmer at this time. 

Phi Sigma Kappa Memorial

Class of 1955 Garden, dedicated in 2005, located North of the W.E.B. Du Bois Library. The inscription reads: "Class of 1955 Garden. Given on the occasion of their 50th reunion."


Class of 1955 Garden 

<div><h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Link: null">Also See: Tippo,&nbsp;Oswald</a></h1><div><p><strong>Chancellor, UMass Amherst</strong>: 1970-1971</p><p></p><p>Oswald&nbsp;Tippo&nbsp;became the first&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=c:chancellors">Chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Amherst</a>, following the re-organization of the university system administration in 1970. As a result of the re-organization, the President of the university system became responsible for policy and the operation of the three campuses, while the Chancellor was responsible for the Amherst campus.</p><p>A UMass graduate,&nbsp;Tippo&nbsp;was a noted botanist. He wrote a college botany textbook and once served as the president of the Botanical Society of America. After working as provost at the University of Colorado,&nbsp;Tippo&nbsp;returned to Amherst to serve as provost here, from 1964 to 1970. During his tenure as provost, several academic innovations emerged, including a program in Asian studies, classes in Afro-American studies, a new bachelor’s degree with individual concentration, and the continuing education program. The College of Arts and Sciences was split into three pieces, and the campus as a whole was re-organized into five areas.&nbsp;</p><p>After retiring from campus administration in 1971,&nbsp;Tippo&nbsp;was named Commonwealth Professor of Biology and taught on campus until 1982.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tippo&nbsp;was also known as an advocate for the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=d:du_bois_library">campus library</a>. The library currently honors him with the&nbsp;Oswald&nbsp;Tippo&nbsp;Library Courtyard and Sculpture&nbsp;Garden.&nbsp;</p></div><h3><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Resources</a></h3><div><ul><li><div>View the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/umarmot/?p=636" title="Link: http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/umarmot/?p=636">collection description</a>&nbsp;for the&nbsp;Tippo&nbsp;Papers</div></li></ul></div><h3><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Credits:</a></h3><div><ul><li><div>Cary, H. (1962).&nbsp;<em>The University of Massachusetts: A History of 100 Years</em>. Amherst: University of Massachusetts.</div></li></ul></div></div><div><div><div></div></div></div>

Garden created in honor of Oswald Tippo (1911-1999), professor of botany (1971-1972), former provost (1964-1970), and first chancellor (1970-1971) of the University of Massachusetts system. The garden was dedicated on 11 October 1999. 

Oswald Tippo Garden

<h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Also See:&nbsp;Mascots</a></h1><div><p>A number of nicknames and mascots have been associated over the years with the athletic teams of UMass Amherst and its predecessors Massachusetts Agricultural College and Massachusetts State College. As early as 1886, the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=f:football">football team</a>&nbsp;at MAC was called the Statesmen, and although that name was never enthusiastically embraced – “Aggies” was sometimes substituted – it remained the most common name for teams use until 1948, being adopted as well by the College's all-male student quartet.</p></div><h3><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">The Redmen</a></h3><div><p>As the University grew in the years immediately following World War II, however, students began to agitate for what they saw as a more appropriate name for their teams. Spurred by the University's change in name from Massachusetts State College (for whom Statesmen seemed singularly appropriate) to the University of Massachusetts, George Burgess (Class of 1949) led a drive for a new nickname “as a first step in the rejuvenation of school spirit.” With varying degrees of sincerity, students proposed a range of alternative nicknames, from Aardvarks to Gnus, Tomahawks, Scarecrows, Pioneers, Yankees, Bulls, Pilgrims, Derelicts, Yo-yos, Petunias, and Bloody Red Raiders. The most popular names that emerged from the student body were apparently Minutemen, Redmen, Statesmen, Indians, and Mohawks, and at an all-campus referendum on Jan. 14, 1948, the matter was settled by a vote of 620 to 459. Proponents cited three reasons for the change from Statesmen to Redmen:</p><ol><li><div>“The courage, strength, resourcefulness, and charity of the Indians helped sustain the Plymouth settlement, which laid the foundation for subsequent settlements in what we now call Massachusetts.</div></li><li><div>Traditionally Massachusetts has honored the Indian – the name of the Commonwealth itself is an Indian word. The Indian also appears on the seal of the Commonwealth.</div></li><li><div>For centuries the Connecticut Valley was inhabited by the red man. With the aggrandizement of the Bay Colony's white population, the Indians showed strength and fierceness in defending his lands… a strength and fierceness well suited to a football team defending its goal posts.</div></li></ol></div><h3><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">The&nbsp;Minuteman</a></h3><div><p>By 1966, however, the term Redmen began to come in for criticism as “not a fitting or proper name for the athletic teams of the University of Massachusetts.” A University Trustee, Gen. John J. Maginnis, argued that at UMass, the term Redmen was associated with the seventeenth century sachem Metawampe, about whom little was known, and had little specific emotional resonance for students: the name was an “unexciting, commonplace, lack-luster title with no eye or ear appeal,” he wrote. “It sounds no call.” Although Maginnis' proposal to change the name to Minutemen did not gain immediate traction, it would feed into a rising consciousness about the racist and sexist implications of Redmen.&nbsp;</p><p>On April 26, 1972, the Student Senate was presented with a resolution (S230) citing a “growing American consciousness deploring the perpetration of racist, sexist, and ethnic discrimination,” and arguing that it was imperative for the University to shed the Redman symbol for a “new school design.” Singled out for particular concern were the bathrooms in the Hatch (part of the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=s:student_union">Student Union</a>), which were labeled “Braves” and “Squaws.” At Senate's final meeting of the year on May 3, the motion was amended with an additional proposal to change the teams' names to the W.A.S.P.s, with a logo of a wasp as mascot. “The amendment is not meant to be dilatory,” according to an explanation appended to the amendment, “nor is it an attempt to be fatuous; [the] move would spark publicity for the move and to call attention to discrimination and ethnic distortion on campus and elsewhere.” The Senate rejected the amendment on the grounds that students themselves should decide the logo, but approved the main motion.</p><p>While the Student Senate was considering the issues, the UMass Trustees forged ahead and voted to change the name of the mascot to the&nbsp;Minuteman, eliciting scarcely any response from the student body or alumni. According to the newly appointed Chancellor,&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=b:bromery_randolph_w">Randolph W. Bromery</a>, there was no outcry among the students or alumni one way or another, distracted, perhaps, by the end of the school year, the war in Vietnam, the impending Presidential elections, the fizzling of a two-day student strike, the Trustees' decision to suspend ROTC recruitment on campus, the antiwar occupation of&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=d:dickinson_hall">Dickinson Hall</a>, the string of protests at the Westover Air Force Base, and seemingly almost every other issue.</p><p>Despite the ready acceptance of the&nbsp;Minuteman, it too became the focus of controversy because of its symbolic associations. During the spring 1984, a referendum to change the name of the mascot was defeated by a margin of three to one, with&nbsp;Minuteman&nbsp;winning out over Artichokes and Statesmen. In the early 1990s, students revived the campaign opposing the&nbsp;Minuteman, citing it as a “symbol of oppression” and a reflection of racism, sexism, and militarism, or more simply, as a depiction of a white man with a gun. Chancellor&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=s:scott_david_k">David K. Scott</a>&nbsp;announced that he was open to discussing the change, but a vocal backlash from supporters of the&nbsp;Minuteman&nbsp;in 1993-1994 and a change in opinion by some key opponents, who argued that they had come to accept the&nbsp;Minuteman&nbsp;as symbolic of liberation movements, eventually quelled the controversy.</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">References</a></h2><div><ul><li><div><em>Daily Collegian</em>, Sept. 25, 1947, Oct. 7, 1947, Jan. 8 and 16, 1948</div></li><li><div>John J. Maginnis, Consideration of the following proposal by the Trustee Committee on Government and Unive4rsity Relations is hereby requested,” Dec. 16, 1966 (RG 1/6 Mascott Minutemen)</div></li><li><div>John E. Burke memo to R. J. McCartney, Jan. 5, 1967. “Naming of University athletic teams” (RG 1/6)</div></li><li><div>Student Senate Agenda and Minutes, April 26 and May 3, 1972. Student Senate Records (RG 45/1)</div></li><li><div><em>Index</em>&nbsp;for 1972&nbsp;</div></li><li><div><em>Daily Collegian</em>, Apr. 9, 1984; Oct. 13, 1993</div></li></ul></div>

Class of 1950 gift to the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The gift was a larger than life-sized bronze statue of a Minuteman - the University's mascot - was dedicated on Oct. 12, 2002. The statue, sculpted by John F. Townsend, a retired UMass art professor, is situated on a small hill between Old Chapel and the Campus Pond. According to Donald R. Progulske, a retired professor of natural resources conservation and member of the Class of 1950 Gift Committee, class members were canvassed at their 45th reunion in 1995 and decided on the Minuteman statue. "Our class was the veterans class," Progulske says. "There were about 1,100 men and women in the class, and at least 900 of them were veterans. We chose the Minuteman because it is a patriotic symbol." Minutemen were citizen soldiers during the American Revolution who pledged to be ready to fight at a minute’s notice. The statue cost approximately $100,000. In 2005 the Class of 1956, for the occasion of their 50th reunion, planned their Minuteman Crossing class gift. In 2007 a public plaza surrounding the Minuteman statue was built, and includes a circular terrace with walls made of local Ashfield stone. John Sendelbach, a local landscape architect and stonemason/artist was enlisted to assist in designing the project. 

Minuteman Statue

Series of Class of 1921 benches gifted to the university. The benches are located around the Campus Pond, Herter Hall, Memorial Hall, and on the Wilder Patio. 

Class of 1921 Benches

<h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Also See:&nbsp;Mascots</a></h1><div><p>A number of nicknames and mascots have been associated over the years with the athletic teams of UMass Amherst and its predecessors Massachusetts Agricultural College and Massachusetts State College. As early as 1886, the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=f:football">football team</a>&nbsp;at MAC was called the Statesmen, and although that name was never enthusiastically embraced – “Aggies” was sometimes substituted – it remained the most common name for teams use until 1948, being adopted as well by the College's all-male student quartet.</p></div><h3><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">The Redmen</a></h3><div><p>As the University grew in the years immediately following World War II, however, students began to agitate for what they saw as a more appropriate name for their teams. Spurred by the University's change in name from Massachusetts State College (for whom Statesmen seemed singularly appropriate) to the University of Massachusetts, George Burgess (Class of 1949) led a drive for a new nickname “as a first step in the rejuvenation of school spirit.” With varying degrees of sincerity, students proposed a range of alternative nicknames, from Aardvarks to Gnus, Tomahawks, Scarecrows, Pioneers, Yankees, Bulls, Pilgrims, Derelicts, Yo-yos, Petunias, and Bloody Red Raiders. The most popular names that emerged from the student body were apparently Minutemen, Redmen, Statesmen, Indians, and Mohawks, and at an all-campus referendum on Jan. 14, 1948, the matter was settled by a vote of 620 to 459. Proponents cited three reasons for the change from Statesmen to Redmen:</p><ol><li><div>“The courage, strength, resourcefulness, and charity of the Indians helped sustain the Plymouth settlement, which laid the foundation for subsequent settlements in what we now call Massachusetts.</div></li><li><div>Traditionally Massachusetts has honored the Indian – the name of the Commonwealth itself is an Indian word. The Indian also appears on the seal of the Commonwealth.</div></li><li><div>For centuries the Connecticut Valley was inhabited by the red man. With the aggrandizement of the Bay Colony's white population, the Indians showed strength and fierceness in defending his lands… a strength and fierceness well suited to a football team defending its goal posts.</div></li></ol></div><h3><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">The Minuteman</a></h3><div><p>By 1966, however, the term Redmen began to come in for criticism as “not a fitting or proper name for the athletic teams of the University of Massachusetts.” A University Trustee, Gen. John J. Maginnis, argued that at UMass, the term Redmen was associated with the seventeenth century sachem&nbsp;Metawampe, about whom little was known, and had little specific emotional resonance for students: the name was an “unexciting, commonplace, lack-luster title with no eye or ear appeal,” he wrote. “It sounds no call.” Although Maginnis' proposal to change the name to Minutemen did not gain immediate traction, it would feed into a rising consciousness about the racist and sexist implications of Redmen.&nbsp;</p><p>On April 26, 1972, the Student Senate was presented with a resolution (S230) citing a “growing American consciousness deploring the perpetration of racist, sexist, and ethnic discrimination,” and arguing that it was imperative for the University to shed the Redman symbol for a “new school design.” Singled out for particular concern were the bathrooms in the Hatch (part of the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=s:student_union">Student Union</a>), which were labeled “Braves” and “Squaws.” At Senate's final meeting of the year on May 3, the motion was amended with an additional proposal to change the teams' names to the W.A.S.P.s, with a logo of a wasp as mascot. “The amendment is not meant to be dilatory,” according to an explanation appended to the amendment, “nor is it an attempt to be fatuous; [the] move would spark publicity for the move and to call attention to discrimination and ethnic distortion on campus and elsewhere.” The Senate rejected the amendment on the grounds that students themselves should decide the logo, but approved the main motion.</p><p>While the Student Senate was considering the issues, the UMass Trustees forged ahead and voted to change the name of the mascot to the Minuteman, eliciting scarcely any response from the student body or alumni. According to the newly appointed Chancellor,&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=b:bromery_randolph_w">Randolph W. Bromery</a>, there was no outcry among the students or alumni one way or another, distracted, perhaps, by the end of the school year, the war in Vietnam, the impending Presidential elections, the fizzling of a two-day student strike, the Trustees' decision to suspend ROTC recruitment on campus, the antiwar occupation of&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=d:dickinson_hall">Dickinson Hall</a>, the string of protests at the Westover Air Force Base, and seemingly almost every other issue.</p><p>Despite the ready acceptance of the Minuteman, it too became the focus of controversy because of its symbolic associations. During the spring 1984, a referendum to change the name of the mascot was defeated by a margin of three to one, with Minuteman winning out over Artichokes and Statesmen. In the early 1990s, students revived the campaign opposing the Minuteman, citing it as a “symbol of oppression” and a reflection of racism, sexism, and militarism, or more simply, as a depiction of a white man with a gun. Chancellor&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=s:scott_david_k">David K. Scott</a>&nbsp;announced that he was open to discussing the change, but a vocal backlash from supporters of the Minuteman in 1993-1994 and a change in opinion by some key opponents, who argued that they had come to accept the Minuteman as symbolic of liberation movements, eventually quelled the controversy.</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">References</a></h2><div><ul><li><div><em>Daily Collegian</em>, Sept. 25, 1947, Oct. 7, 1947, Jan. 8 and 16, 1948</div></li><li><div>John J. Maginnis, Consideration of the following proposal by the Trustee Committee on Government and Unive4rsity Relations is hereby requested,” Dec. 16, 1966 (RG 1/6 Mascott Minutemen)</div></li><li><div>John E. Burke memo to R. J. McCartney, Jan. 5, 1967. “Naming of University athletic teams” (RG 1/6)</div></li><li><div>Student Senate Agenda and Minutes, April 26 and May 3, 1972. Student Senate Records (RG 45/1)</div></li><li><div><em>Index</em>&nbsp;for 1972&nbsp;</div></li><li><div><em>Daily Collegian</em>, Apr. 9, 1984; Oct. 13, 1993</div></li></ul></div>

Metawampe Monument is a nearly life-sized bronze statue and lawn dedicated to the legendary local Nonotuck Indian chief who sold land north of Mt. Toby to settlers in 1674, which the University eventually acquired. The sculpture was a gift from the class of 1950, was sculpted by retired Art Professor John F. Townsend, and dedicated on February 11, 1951. Prior to this the legendary Metawampe had appeared on campus around 1907 when the Massachusetts Agricultural College's faculty outing club, the Mountain Club, was later organized as “the Metawampe Club.” In 1948 undergraduates to the newly reorganized University of Massachusetts campaigned to adopt a University appropriate mascot, and "The Redman" was chosen. Interest in Metawampe subsequently grew and he was often referred to as “the legendary spirit of the University.” By the 1970s new demands of consciousness regarding race and ethnicity sparked change on the campus, and in 1972 the campus mascot was switched to "The Minuteman." Originally the Metawampe statue was placed atop a stone on the lawn in front of Memorial Hall and was later moved near the southeast corner of the Student Union, where it was placed on a granite pedestal provided by the class of 1956. On Aug. 27, 2014, after being displaced by the construction of the new Integrative Learning Center, the Metawampe statue was moved once again to its new permanent home outside that building. 

Metawampe Monument

<h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Also See:&nbsp;Butterfield, Kenyon L.</a></h1><div><p><strong>President, Massachusetts Agricultural College</strong>: 1906-1924&nbsp;</p><p></p><p>Kenyon&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;served as president of the Massachusetts Agricultural College during an important growth period in the early part of the 20th century. A native of Michigan,&nbsp;Butterfieldwas trained as a rural sociologist at Michigan Agricultural College (BA, 1891) and the University of Michigan (AM, 1902), and gained experience as editor of the&nbsp;<em>Michigan Grange Visitor</em>, as superintendent of the Michigan Farmers' Institute, and as a field agent for the Michigan Agricultural College. After a brief and lackluster appointment as President of the Rhode Island School of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (1903-1906),&nbsp;Butterfieldarrived at the Amherst campus in 1906, ready to fulfill his vision of agricultural education in service to the nation.</p><p>Politically progressive and activist in spirit,&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;quickly made major changes on campus, doubling the size of the staff, recruiting faculty from across the country to offer more specialized instruction, and expanding the college's public mission. Organizing the academic departments into five divisions, he took personal leadership of the division of rural&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=departments:s:sociology">social science</a>. During his first decade at MAC,&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;oversaw growth of the institutional budget from $150,000 to $700,000, largely by attracting research funding, and in an effort to harness the potential of higher education to the direct benefit of farming communities, he initiated a host of outreach programs, including summer schools for farmers, agricultural clubs for school children, and a federation for rural progress. As President, he was noted, too, for initiating a program for women's education, which eventually developed into the School of Home Economics.</p><p>Outside the college,&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;was deeply engaged in agricultural matters at the national level. In 1913, he was appointed by Woodrow Wilson to the Commission for the Study of Agricultural Credits and Cooperation in Europe, and in 1917, he chaired the Massachusetts Food Supply Commission. Taking a leave of absence during the First World War,&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;served with the Army Educational Commission of the Young Men's Christian Association and as Educational Director for the American Expeditionary Force in France, where he helped organize the World Agricultural Council. After returning to the College, he founded the American Country Life Association, remaining its president until his death.&nbsp;</p><p>After leaving Amherst in 1924,&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;returned to Michigan State College to serve as president. Upon retiring from college administration four years later, he devoted himself to missionary work abroad, traveling the Middle East, India, Burma, China, Japan, and other Asian countries during the late 1920s and early 1930s. He died at home in New Jersey on November 26, 1935, leaving his wife, Harriet (Millard) and two sons.</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Other resources</a></h2><div><ul><li><div>View the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/ead/murg3_1_b88.htm">finding aid</a>&nbsp;for the&nbsp;Butterfield&nbsp;Papers</div></li><li><div>View the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://clio.fivecolleges.edu/umass/3-1president/">online collection</a>&nbsp;of materials relating to&nbsp;Butterfield's involvement in women's education at MAC.</div></li></ul></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Link: null">Commemoration</a></h2><div><p><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=b:butterfield_house">Butterfield&nbsp;House</a>, a dormitory built in 1940, was named in honor of President&nbsp;Butterfield.&nbsp;</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">References:</a></h2><div><ul><li><div>Cary, H. (1962).&nbsp;<em>The University of Massachusetts: A History of 100 Years</em>. Amherst: University of Massachusetts.</div></li></ul></div>

Plaque to honor President Butterfield's service to Massachusetts Agricultural College. The plaque reads: "Presented to President Kenyon L. Butterfield by the Alumni, Massachusetts Agricultural College, in grateful recognition of his distinguished service, 1906-1924." Kenyon L. Butterfield served as President of Massachusetts Agricultural College from 1906-1924. The original and current location of the plaque is unknown. 

Kenyon L. Butterfield Memorial

<h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Also See:&nbsp;Durfee&nbsp;Conservatory</a></h1><div><p><strong>Constructed</strong>: 1867 and 1954</p><p><strong>Partially demolished</strong>: 2013</p><p><strong>Architects</strong>: T.A. Lord, Syracuse, N.Y.&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>Present structure</strong>: Lord and Burnham, Syracuse, N.Y.</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Design and construction</a></h2><div><p></p><p>The original&nbsp;Durfee&nbsp;Conservatory was one of the most striking structures in the landscape of the early college campus. An elegant group of Victorian glass buildings with curvilinear roofs trimmed with wrought-iron filigree, the conservatory was built on a prominence on the east side of campus in 1867, and was completed even before the first students arrived. In 1883, the original wood frame structure was seriously damaged by fire from the wood and coal furnaces that formed its heating system, but&nbsp;Durfee&nbsp;was rebuilt over a period of eight years.&nbsp;</p><p>By 1954, however, the conservatory had aged beyond repair and the original firm, Lord &amp; Burnham, was called in to construct the greenhouse that stands today. This new structure was said to be the first aluminum alloy frame conservatory ever to be built and its automatic temperature controls and vents were considered state of the art at the time. Its five sections, or “ranges,” are laid out in a linear fashion, with the only remaining hints of the original building being a single curved glass pane along the eaves and the double door entrances in the central range. The Conservatory is surrounded by an award-winning garden designed by Professor Dean Cardasis of the Department of Landscape Architecture.</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Naming of the building</a></h2><div><p>The structure was named after Dr. Nathan&nbsp;Durfee, trustee of Massachusetts Agricultural College, and donor to the original conservatory.&nbsp;</p></div><h3><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Link: null">Source</a></h3><div><ul><li><div>From&nbsp;<em>Three Architectural Tours: Selected Buildings on the Campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst</em>&nbsp;(Amherst, 2000)</div></li><li><div>For additional information, consult the University Archives (RG 36/101).</div></li></ul></div>

The elegant glass Durfee Conservatory was first erected in 1867 on the Massachusetts Agricultural College campus, at the instigation of college president William S. Clark (1867-1879) who was smitten with London's Botanical Gardens, and with the financial support of college trustee, Dr. Nathan Durfee, who gave $10,000 to complete the project. The building was heated and had glass rooms that included a Dry Stove room for cacti and succulent plants, a Moist Stove room for tropical species, a Palm House for larger species of tropical trees and shrubs, a Camellia House for cool temperate zone trees and shrubs, and a Victoria House for aquatic and air plants. Work rooms were also attached. In 1883, a fire severely damaged the building and it was slowly rebuilt and put back into order. After years of use, and later disrepair, the original structure was torn down and replaced in 1954 with a new greenhouse structure that remains to this day. 

Durfee Conservatory

<p>During the earliest, ambitious days of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, the college's planners lavished great care on the design of the hill on the western margin of campus. The President's house overlooked the elegant Durfee Conservatory to which it was connected by a “delightful drive.”[1]</p><p>To lay the groundwork for a thorough botanic education, the Durfee Greenhouses were accompanied by a Botanic Museum and, according to the Trustees' 7th Annual Report, a “working plan” was prepared “for the laying out and planting of the botanic garden and arboretum, which should commenced at the earliest practicable date.” Flowing to the south and east of Durfee Conservatory, the garden was laid out on a little over 38 acres of land traversed by a meandering walkway, a small stream, and a pond, and to the north of Durfee, were laid out a reserve garden, a vineyard, and peach and pear orchards. The garden never came to full fruition.</p><h3></h3>

<p>The 1867 Botanical Museum was one of the first five buildings situated on the newly established Massachusetts Agricultural College campus. Located near the Durfee Conservatory the museum initially housed President William Smith Clark's office, a recitation/herbarium, and a laboratory on the first floor, as well as the museum proper on the second. According to the college's Tenth Annual Report in 1873, the museum was "supplied with many interesting and useful specimens of seeds, woods, and fruit-models. There is, also, a set of diagrams, illustrating structural and systematic botany, including about 3,000 figures." The Report also notes that the museum was valued at $5,000. In 1967 the Botanical Museum was destroyed by fire; presumably at this time the museum's dedication memorial plaque was obtained for posterity.</p>

Botanical Museum Memorial

<h1><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Also See:&nbsp;Fernald, Henry T.</a></h1><div><p><strong>Entomology</strong>, 1899-1930</p><p><strong>Experiment Station</strong>, 1899-1930</p><p><strong>Director, Graduate School</strong>, 1927-1930&nbsp;</p><p>b. April 17, 1866, Litchfield, Maine</p><p>d. July 15, 1952, Winter Park, Florida</p><p></p><p>Born at Litchfield, Maine, in 1866, Henry T. Fernald early on in life absorbed the interests of his father,&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=f:fernald_charles_h">Charles Henry Fernald</a>, and followed in his footsteps into a career in&nbsp;entomology. Educated largely at home while his father was on faculty of the Maine State College in Orono, and receiving his B.Sc. there in 1885, Henry pursued post-graduate work in biology and geology at Wesleyan University, before receiving his PhD in Zoology at Johns Hopkins in 1890 for a dissertation on “The Relationships of Arthropods.”</p><p>After nine years in the Department of Zoology at Pennsylvania State College in 1890, and summers at Cold Spring Harbor, Fernald received the opportunity to join his father on faculty at Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1899. The two worked side by side to expand both the undergraduate and graduate curriculum in&nbsp;entomology, with the younger Fernald taking primary responsibility for undergraduate instruction. As his father's health began to decline, Henry's responsibilities continuously expanded. In addition to becoming Chair of the Department of&nbsp;Entomology, Fernald followed his father as Director of the Graduate School at Massachusetts Agricultural College (1927-1930) and served as President of the Association of&nbsp;Economic&nbsp;Entomologists (1914).</p><p>In addition to his heavy teaching load, Fernald was appointed associate entomologist at the Hatch Agricultural Experiment Station in 1899, succeeding as chief entomologist upon his father's resignation in 1910, and he is credited with overseeing the design and construction of the new&nbsp;Entomology&nbsp;and Zoology building in 1909-1910, which eleven years later was named&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://scua.library.umass.edu/youmass/doku.php?id=f:fernald_hall">Fernald Hall</a>&nbsp;in honor of his late father.&nbsp;</p><p>Over the course of his career, Henry Fernald published over 100 articles largely on&nbsp;economicentomology&nbsp;and the systematics of the Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. He married Minna R. Simon of Baltimore shortly after completing his PhD. The couple had two daughters and one son. Henry T. Fernald died in Winter Park, Fla., on July 15, 1952.</p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Resources</a></h2><div><p>SCUA houses collections of the papers of both&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/umarmot/?p=398">Charles H. Fernald</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/umarmot/?p=397">Henry T. Fernald</a></p></div><h2><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Citations</a></h2><div><p>See&nbsp;<em>Entomology&nbsp;and Zoology at the Massachusetts Agricultural College</em>. Amherst, Mass., 1911 (RG 36/101 Box 6)</p></div>

In 1889 the Massachusetts Agricultural College erected the Insectary/ Entomology Building for the study of insects, in particular those insects that could further pest management practices in agriculture. The Insectary was built on what would become Stockbridge Road, next to where Fernald Hall is today. After construction of a new Economic Entomology building (Fernald Hall, 1909-1910) was erected the Entomology Building became the Mathematics Building. In 1938 a plaque was adhered to the Mathematics Building (original Economic Entomology Building) to honor the role of the field in the college's history and to mark the 50th anniversary of the arrival of Charles Henry Fernald to MAC for his efforts on its behalf. In 1965 the building was demolished and at some point after its destruction the 1938 dedication plaque was acquired by UMass Special Collections. 

Economic Entomology (Insectary) Memorial

Plaque adhered to the Q.T.V. fraternity house on South Pleasant Street in 1965 and dedicated to their order, the second fraternal society to be established on the Massachusetts Agricultural College campus, in 1869. The fraternity has since been disbanded. 

Q.T.V. formed on May 12, 1869 in the South College dormitories on the Mass Aggie campus. It is the only Latin lettered fraternity in the United States. Q.T.V., reportedly so named after the fraternity’s motto, which was disclosed to members upon initiation and is unknown today. Upon formation this local organization quickly grew and by 1874 it went national with other agricultural colleges. In 1917 the fraternity purchased the former home of Captain Fearing of Amherst, on the corner of Fearing Street and North Pleasant. According to rumor the large white home was used by Captain Fearing to hide runaway slaves on they way to Canada during the Civil War. The house was used for decades by the society but after years of struggling financially the building was deemed a fire hazard and torn down in 1965, and soon after a new brick structure took its place. Today the site is occupied by the Department of Communication Disorders.

Class of 1967 Campus Memorial & Monuments Tour

George F. Mills House (New Africa House) Memorial

Introduction

Images

Backstory and Context

Sources

Additional Information